Improvement in hemp-drawing machines



S. LOWNDS.

Hackling Machine.

" Patented July 14,1857.

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SAMUEL LOWVNDS, OF BROOKLYN, NEYV YORK.

IMPROVEMENT IN HEMP-DRAWlNG MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 17,795, dated July 14,1857.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUnL Lownns, of Brooklyn, county of Kings,andState of New.

.York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hemp-DrawingMachinery; andIdo hereby declare that the following is a full, clear,and exact description of the same, reference being made to the annexeddrawings, making a part of this specification,in which- Figure I is aside elevation, partly in section. Fig. II is a top view of plan. Figs.III and IV are descriptive of operation; and similar lettersindicate'similar parts throughout.

My improvement in hemp-drawing machinery consists of a means forintroducing a greater number of combs, called gills, into the framethan, has heretofore been thought possible. It is well known that thecloser these gills can be placed together upon the traveling chains thebetter is the result obtained, since thereby a more complete subdivisionof the fiber is effected, causing the sliver to be drawn out in a morecomplete manner. WVhen the distance from one row of gills to anotherthat end of the frame at which the drawingrollers are situated theymust,in passing round the drum, still maintain an erect or nearly erectposition until the tops of the teeth have retired below the level of theplace of meeting of the said rollers, and so as to gradually inclineover as they pass to beneath the carrying-drums at that end withtheirpoints still directed toward the drawing-rollers,in order to insurethe proper withdrawing of the comb from the hemp without entangling itor tearing it out of the sliver. To accomplish this it is necessary thateach row of gills shall have some means to give the proper inclinationto their teeth, and this is effected in the old machines (as well as inmy improved one) by a series of guides affixed to theend of eachcross-rod into which the teeth forming the comb are inserted, andoutside of the carrying-chain. These guides have motion imparted tothem, when required, and are also kept in position as they travel alongwith the carrying-chain, by means of guide-groovesin the side frame andparallel to the path of the chain in the usual manner. that constructionlay in the want of room, sincethe guide-dogs require a certain space toallow of their acting. This will be understood when the manner ofmaintaining the teeth erect against the pull of the hemp is described,

which is as follows:

At A is the drawing-rollers, situated at one end of the frame, as usual.The endless chain of gills all travel on the top side toward those, thehemp being taken on at the opposite end. It will be seen that the travelof the rollers is faster than the travel of the chain; conse-.

quently the hemp is pulled through the teeth, although those teeth aregoing in the same direction, and thus the sliver is formed. It will alsobe seen that the guide-bearers or guidedogs keep the teeth up againstthis pull by means of their two bearingpoints acting against the twoguide-rails of the frame.

Figs. III and IV represent, respectively, a section and top view of theold kind of frame, a being the guide-dogs, which are cranked pieces ofmetal, having the gill-rod b keyed in the hole at the angle, and havingalso at each end a bearin in c and c. The ins 0 travel in the topguide-groove, and by these the chain hangs on the one side, while theother side is kept up by the prolongation of the ends of the gill-rod 1)beyond the links on the opposite side, so that they may slide along arail upon that side of the frame, as at e. The other pins in the dogs at0 project under a guide-rail, which is parallel to the upper one, as atd. From this it will be seen that,a.s the hemp is pulled along in thedirection of the arrow, Fig. III, it tends to pull the teeth I) over.Consequently as thcpin cis keptdown by the guide-rails, the gills arethereby maintained in the erect position while traveling along the topof the frame. Thus, as in Figs. III and IV, the gills were of necessityplaced sufficiently far apart to allow of the introduc tion of theguide-cranks a, and of their turning at the end of the frame, thatdistance being limited to the length of the lower arm having the pin 0in connection with its passing over the drum at the drawing-rollers, thecarrying-chain being composed of long links, as shown.

The difficulty in r I construct a double-link chain and arrange thegills therein in such manner as to allow of the introduction of twice asmany rows of teeth by operating them from guide dogs and rails placedupon both sides, thus economizing the space just one-half, The effect ofthis improvement is obvious, because by it a much finer sliver isobtained than is possible in the old mode, and at a greatly reducedexpenditure of time, asit is well known that the closer the set of theteeth,within certain limits, the more perfectly will the fibers be drawn7 out.

My machine operates in other respects as in the usual way, the chainbeing carried along by two drums or chain-pulleys-oue at each end of thefraniethc hemp being fed on at one end from cans, as usual, and thesliver deposited in cans at the drawing-rollers, also as usual, and thusis passed from frame to frame until the required character is obtained.

I am aware that gills for flax-work and other short-fibered materialsthan hemp have been made so as to bring the teeth sufficiently closetogether. These, however, have all been arranged as cylinders, and assuch could not at all be used for hemp, which from its great length offiber requires the lengthened drawing-frames always used, and which haveheretofore labored under the defects I claim to have overcome by myimprovements.

At B is shown a drawing-frame, of usual construction as to size, &c; atO the endless chain-pulleys, the chain lying over them and composed ofdouble links-that is to say, two links between each guide-dog or crank,but a link to each gill. Thus on one side there will be to every secondgill a guide-crank, a, and upon the opposite side a like guide-crank t0the intermediate ones, by this means securing the necessary room fortheir introduction and operation. I

I am aware that the gills have been brought closely together by placingthem upon curved bars which were moved along upon rails; but in thatarrangement the gills do not at all times have the position proper forproducing the .best Work, and which proper position has only beensecured in machines wherein the 'gillbars are controlled at all points,while acting upon the hemp, by the guide-dogs, as set forth.

What I claim, therefore, is

The arrangement of a hemp-drawing frame having its gills operated byguide-dogs upon both sides of the frame and attached to each alternaterow ofgills, substantially as described herein.

SAMUEL LOWNDS.

